Series I: currency derivatives ka exam, aur uski taiyari.

SEEMAYEIN

Yeh set kya karta hai, aur kya nahi

Kya milega

• Series I ke sawaal ek jagah deta hai, aur unit chunne par usi unit tak seemit kar deta hai.
• Har answer ke saath uski wajah dikhata hai, taaki sahi option ke peeche ka logic samajh aaye.

Kya nahi milega

• Yeh NISM workbook ki jagah nahi le sakta — workbook hi padhne ki cheez hai.

Poori series ke sawaal kholo

KAISE PADHEIN

Unit chun kar padhna zyada kaam karta hai

Mila-jula set ek kul number deta hai, aur kul number sabse kam kaam ki cheez hai. Agar clearing wale sawaal chhoot rahe hain aur options wale nikal rahe hain, toh mila-jula percentage dono ko chhupa deta hai.

Unit chun kar padhne par yeh chhup nahi sakta. Saare units ke apne practice page hain. Har page seedha usi unit ke sawaalon par khulta hai. Padhne ka kram yeh rakhiye: pehle workbook ka woh hissa, phir wahi set, phir apni galtiyon ki ek chhoti list.

Pehle unit se shuruaat
Currency market ki buniyaad pehle baithni chahiye, warna aage ke units mein har sawaal adhoora samajh aata hai.

Unit 1: currency market ki buniyaad.

Is unit mein exchange rate ka matlab khulta hai: ek currency ka daam hamesha doosri currency mein bola jaata hai, isliye har quote ek jodi hoti hai. Iske saath spot aur forward ka farak, bazaar ke participants, aur rate hilne ki aam wajahein aati hain.

• Har rate ek jodi hai: ek currency doosri ke saamne boli jaati hai.
• Spot aur forward alag cheezein hain — beech mein samay ka farak hai.
• Bazaar mein bank, import-export karne wale aur intermediaries sab hote hain.

SEEMAYEIN

Is unit ke practice set mein kya hai, aur kya nahi

Kya milega

• Sirf pehle unit ke sawaal dikhata hai, baaki units ke sawaal beech mein nahi aate.
• Har answer ke saath uski wajah deta hai, taaki galti ki jagah pehchani ja sake.

Kya nahi milega

• Yeh NISM workbook ka substitute nahi hai. Workbook pehle padhna hota hai.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Exchange rate padhna aata hai kya

Sabse pehli baat yahi hai ki currency ka koi akela daam hota hi nahi. Rate hamesha 2 currencies ke beech hota hai — ek base, jiski ek ikai gini jaati hai, aur ek quote, jisme uska mol bola jaata hai. Kaun base hai aur kaun quote, yeh ulat jaaye toh poora sawaal ulat jaata hai.

Iske baad unit spot aur forward ka farak rakhta hai: ek turant hone wala sauda, doosra aage ki tareekh ka. Phir aate hain participants — bank, import aur export karne wale vyapari, aur beech mein khade intermediaries — aur woh aam wajahein jinse rate hilta hai, jaise byaaj ka farak, vyapar ka santulan, aur poonji ka aana-jaana.

DHYAN

2 galtiyaan jo yahin ban jaati hain

Pehli: mazboot aur kamzor hone ki disha ulti pakadna. Ek currency ka mazboot hona hamesha kisi doosri ke saamne hota hai, aur sawaal aksar jaanbujh kar us doosri taraf se poochha jaata hai.

Doosri: forward rate ko bhavishya ki bhavishyavani samajh lena. Woh aage ki tareekh ke liye aaj tay hua rate hai, anumaan nahi. Yeh farak aage teesre unit ki pricing mein seedha kaam aata hai.

Ab derivatives khud
Buniyaad baithne ke baad hi yeh saaf hota hai ki forward, futures, options aur swap alag alag kis kaam ke liye bane hain.

Unit do: foreign exchange derivatives ka parivaar.

Yeh unit 4 cheezein alag karta hai: forward, futures, options aur swap. Yeh 4 currency par bante hain, lekin unki shartein, unka bazaar aur unka jokhim alag hota hai. Saath mein yeh bhi aata hai ki inka istemaal kis liye hota hai — jokhim ghatane, disha par raay lagane, ya 2 jagah ke daam ka farak pakadne ke liye.

• Forward 2 parties ke beech ka sauda hai. Futures exchange par likha jaata hai.
• Option kharidne wale ko haq deta hai, zimmedari nahi.
• Swap mein 2 cash flow aapas mein badle jaate hain.

SEEMAYEIN

Is unit ke practice set ka daayra

Kya milega

• Sirf doosre unit ke sawaal chalata hai, filter pehle se laga hua.
• Har sahi answer ke saath uska kaaran dikhata hai, sirf tick nahi.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook ki jagah nahi leta — yeh check karne ka zariya hai, padhne ka nahi.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

4 products, 4 alag shartein

Forward 2 pakshon ke beech seedha tay hua sauda hai: rakam, rate aur tareekh dono milkar likhte hain. Isi wajah se woh lachila hai, aur isi wajah se usme saamne wale ke mukar jaane ka jokhim rehta hai.

Futures wahi vaada hai, lekin exchange ki likhi hui shartein par — tay lot, tay expiry, tay tick — aur beech mein clearing corporation khada hota hai. Option isse alag hai: kharidne wale ko haq milta hai, karna zaroori nahi, aur us haq ki keemat premium kehlati hai. Swap mein 2 cash flow aapas mein badle jaate hain, aksar alag alag tareekhon par.

Unit ka doosra hissa yeh hai ki inka upyog kaun karta hai: koi apne aane wale videshi mudra ke lene-dene ka jokhim ghatane ke liye, koi rate ki disha par apni raay lagane ke liye, aur koi 2 jagah ke daam ke farak par. Exam in 3 maksad ko naam se pehchanwata hai.

• Futures aur options ka farak Vaada aur haq ka antar, contract ke level par samjhaya gaya.

DHYAN

Forward aur futures ek jaise dikhte hain, hote nahi

Dono aage ki tareekh ka sauda hain, isliye sawaal inhe jaanbujh kar aamne-saamne rakhte hain. Farak shartein likhne mein hai, roz ka hisaab hone mein hai, aur us sansthan mein hai jo beech mein khada hota hai.

Dhyaan rahe ki option bechne wale ki sthiti kharidne wale ki sthiti ka aaina nahi hai. Kharidne wale ke paas haq hai. Bechne wale par zimmedari hai. Yeh asamaanta chauthe unit mein phir lautti hai.

Exchange par likha hua futures contract
Ab tak parivaar ka parichay hua. Agla unit ek hi product ko kholta hai — uski shartein, uska daam aur uska roz ka hisaab.

Unit 3: currency futures contract andar se.

Yahan ek hi product khulta hai. Contract kis jodi par hai, ek lot kitna bada hai, tick kitna chhota hai, expiry kab hai aur aakhri trading din kaunsa — yeh sab exchange pehle se likh deta hai. Iske saath futures ka daam kis logic se banta hai aur roz ka mark to market kaise chalta hai, yeh aata hai.

• Contract ki shartein exchange likhta hai, parties nahi.
• Daam ka logic samay aur byaaj ke farak se juda hota hai.
• Mark to market roz hota hai, expiry ka intezaar nahi karta.

SEEMAYEIN

Kya milega, kya nahi

Kya milega

• Teesre unit tak seemit sawaal deta hai, taaki ek hi vishay par dhyaan rahe.
• Har answer ke peeche ki wajah likhta hai, taaki galti ki jadd dikhe.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook ki jagah nahi leta. Workbook pehle aata hai.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Contract ki shartein aur daam ka logic

Exchange traded futures ki sabse badi baat yahi hai ki usme mol-bhaav sirf daam ka hota hai. Baaki sab pehle se likha hua hai. Underlying jodi, ek lot ka aakar, sabse chhoti daam ki chaal, contract ka mahina, expiry ka din, aakhri trading din aur settlement ka tareeka — yeh saari shartein contract specification kehlati hain, aur unit ka bada hissa inhi par hai.

Daam ka logic alag sawaal hai. Aage ki tareekh ka rate aaj ke rate se isliye alag hota hai kyunki beech ke samay mein dono currencies par milne wale byaaj ka farak hota hai. Exam is soch ko naam se bhi poochhta hai aur seedhi arithmetic se bhi, lekin sochne ka tareeka wahi ek hai: samay ki keemat.

• Lot size Ek contract mein kitni ikaiyan aati hain, aur woh number kaun tay karta hai.
• Expiry day Contract ka aakhri din, aur us din kya alag hota hai.

DHYAN

Roz ka hisaab expiry ka intezaar nahi karta

Naye padhne wale aksar maante hain ki futures ka nafa-nuksaan expiry par ek hi baar tay hota hai. Aisa nahi hai. Har din band hone par position ko us din ke settlement daam par tola jaata hai, aur farak usi din khaate mein chala jaata hai.

Isi wajah se margin ka sawaal roz uthta hai, aur isi wajah se saatvein unit mein settlement aur risk management ko ek hi jagah rakha gaya hai. Yahan itna yaad rakhna kaafi hai ki hisaab rozana hai, ek baar ka nahi.

Ab wahi bazaar, lekin options ke saath
Futures mein dono taraf zimmedari hai. Option mein ek taraf haq hai aur doosri taraf zimmedari — aur usi asamaanta se poora chautha unit banta hai.

Unit 4: currency options mein haq aur zimmedari.

Option ek haq deta hai, vaada nahi. Kharidne wala premium chukata hai aur use tay rate par lene ya dene ka haq milta hai. Bechne wale par zimmedari aa jaati hai. Is unit mein call aur put, strike, premium ke 2 hisse, moneyness aur samay ka asar aata hai.

• Kharidne wale ke paas haq hai. Bechne wale par zimmedari.
• Premium ke 2 hisse hote hain: turant ka mol aur samay ka mol.
• Moneyness batata hai ki strike spot ke kis taraf khada hai.

SEEMAYEIN

Is set ki hadd

Kya milega

• Sirf chauthe unit ke sawaal khilata hai, doosre units ka mel nahi hone deta.
• Har sahi option ke saath uska kaaran deta hai, taaki ratna na pade.

Kya nahi milega

• Yeh workbook ka vikalp nahi hai. Workbook padhna alag kaam hai.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Premium kis kis cheez se banta hai

Call aur put ka farak yahin baithta hai: ek tay rate par lene ka haq, doosra dene ka haq. Dono mein kharidne wala premium chukata hai aur bechne wala use paata hai, aur isi ke badle woh zimmedari uthata hai.

Premium ko unit 2 hisson mein todta hai. Ek hissa woh hai jo strike aur aaj ke rate ke farak se abhi bhi nikal aaye, aur doosra hissa woh hai jo sirf bache hue samay aur bazaar ke hilne ki ummeed ka mol hai. Expiry paas aane par doosra hissa ghatta jaata hai, aur yeh ghatna sabse aam exam sawaal hai.

Iske saath moneyness aati hai — strike spot ke kis taraf khada hai — aur woh maap jo batate hain ki underlying ke hilne par premium kitna hilta hai. Exam yahan gehri ganit nahi maangta. Woh naam, disha aur samajh maangta hai.

• Option premium Premium ke 2 hisse, aur kaunsa hissa samay ke saath ghatta hai.
• Moneyness Strike spot ke kis taraf hai, aur us naam ka matlab kya hai.
• Delta Underlying thoda hile toh premium kitna hilta hai — ek maap, bhavishyavani nahi.

DHYAN

Bechne wale ki sthiti ulti nahi, alag hai

Sabse aam galti yeh maan lena hai ki option bechna option kharidne ka seedha ulta hai. Nafa-nuksaan ki shakal alag hai: kharidne wale ka nuksaan chukaye gaye premium tak simat sakta hai, jabki bechne wale ki zimmedari usse aage ja sakti hai.

Isi wajah se margin dono par ek jaisa nahi lagta, aur yeh baat saatvein unit mein phir aati hai. Yahan itna theek se baith jaana chahiye ki haq aur zimmedari 2 alag cheezein hain.

Ab in tukdon ko jodkar dekha jaata hai
Futures aur options alag alag samajh mein aa gaye. Agla unit dikhata hai ki inhe milakar kaunsi jaani-pehchani shakalein banti hain.

Unit 5: currency derivatives ki jaani-pehchani strategies.

Yeh unit naam sikhata hai. Aane wale videshi mudra ke lene-dene ka jokhim ghatana, rate ki disha par raay lagana, aur 2 jagah ke daam ke farak par khada hona — yeh 3 alag maksad hain. Inhe futures se, options se, ya dono ko milakar banaya jaata hai. Exam inki pehchan poochhta hai.

• Hedging ka maksad jokhim ghatana hai, kamai badhana nahi.
• Arbitrage 2 jagah ke daam ke farak par tika hota hai.
• Option combinations ke apne naam hote hain, aur exam wahi poochhta hai.

SEEMAYEIN

Is unit ka practice set kya karta hai, aur kya bilkul nahi

Kya milega

• Paanchve unit ke sawaal ek jagah rakhta hai, filter lagakar.
• Har strategy ko naam aur dhaanche ke roop mein samjhata hai, jaise exam poochhta hai.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook ki jagah nahi leta.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

3 maksad, aur unke naam

Pehla maksad jokhim ghatana hai. Jiska paisa aage jaakar kisi doosri currency mein aana ya jaana hai, uske liye rate ka hilna ek asli samasya hai. Derivatives us hilne ko pehle se baandh dene ka zariya hain. Exam yeh poochhta hai ki kis paksh ko kis disha ka dar hai — aur yahi woh jagah hai jahan log sabse zyada ulat jaate hain.

Doosra maksad disha par raay lagana hai, jahan koi jokhim ghata nahi raha, utha raha hai. Teesra arbitrage hai: ek hi cheez 2 jagah alag daam par mile toh us farak par khada hona. Kitaab ise jokhim se lagbhag mukt kehti hai, lekin usi saans mein shartein bhi ginati hai — dono jagah ek saath sauda hona, aur kharcha us farak se chhota rehna.

Iske baad option combinations aate hain: 2 strikes milakar banne wale spread, dono taraf ki position se banne wale dhaanche, aur unke naam. Exam inhe pehchanwata hai — kaunsi shakal kis soch se banti hai, aur usme sabse bada nuksaan kahan tak ja sakta hai.

• Derivatives ka track Yeh saare tukde kis kram mein padhne par jaldi baithte hain.
• Rollover Expiry paas aane par position ko agle contract mein le jaane ka matlab.

DHYAN

Naam yaad karna aur samajhna alag hai

Is unit ke sawaal aksar ek chhoti kahani ke roop mein aate hain: kisi ko aage jaakar doosri currency deni hai, ya leni hai. Naam ratne se woh sawaal nahi nikalta. Yeh soch kar nikalta hai ki us paksh ko rate kis taraf jaane par takleef hogi.

Isliye padhte waqt har strategy ke saath ek line likhiye: yeh kis dar ke liye bani hai. Wahi ek line exam ke din naam se zyada kaam aati hai.

Ab yeh sab hota kahan hai
Products aur strategies ke baad system ka hissa aata hai: order kaise jaata hai, kaun member hai, aur exchange kya kya seemayein rakhta hai.

Unit 6: trading mechanism, order se lekar order book tak.

Is unit mein system khulta hai. Kaun member ban sakta hai aur kis tarah ka, order kaise likha jaata hai, order book unhe kis kram mein milata hai, price band kya rokta hai, aur trading ka samay kya hai. Har client ki apni pehchaan bhi yahin aati hai.

• Member ke prakar alag hote hain, aur unke kaam bhi alag.
• Order book daam aur samay ke kram se orders milata hai.
• Price band ek din ki chaal par lagi seema hai.

SEEMAYEIN

Is unit ke practice set ki hadd

Kya milega

• Chhathe unit ke sawaal alag karke dikhata hai, mila-jula set nahi.
• Har answer ke saath uska kaaran likhta hai, taaki definition ratni na pade.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook ki jagah nahi leta.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Kaun member hai, aur order kaise milta hai

Pehle membership. Exchange par kaam karne wale sab ek jaise nahi hote: koi sirf trade karta hai, koi apne aur doosron ke saude ka settlement bhi uthata hai. Kaun kiska settlement kar sakta hai, yeh farak exam mein baar baar poochha jaata hai.

Phir order. Har order mein contract, disha, quantity aur daam ki shart hoti hai, aur kuch orders mein samay ki bhi. Order book unhe ek kram mein rakhta hai — behtar daam pehle, aur ek jaise daam par pehle aaya order pehle. Yeh kram jaan lena bahut se sawaal khol deta hai.

Baaki hissa niyantran ka hai: din bhar mein daam kitna hil sakta hai, trading ka samay kya hai, har client ki apni pehchaan kyun zaroori hai, aur exchange kis cheez par nazar rakhta hai. Yeh sab ek hi soch se aate hain — bazaar ka bharosa banaye rakhna.

• Liquidity Bazaar mein aasani se sauda ho jaana kis cheez par tika hai.
• Impact cost Bada order khud daam ko hila deta hai, aur woh bhi ek kharcha hai.

DHYAN

Trading aur clearing ek kaam nahi hai

Yeh unit aur agla unit paas paas hain, aur wahi confusion ki jadd hai. Trading ka matlab hai sauda hona. Clearing ka matlab hai us saude ka hisaab aur uski zimmedari uthana. Ek hi sanstha dono kar sakti hai, lekin dono ka naam aur zimmedari alag rehti hai.

Sawaal padhte waqt yeh dekhiye ki baat sauda hone ki ho rahi hai ya hisaab poora hone ki. Aksar wahi ek shabd sahi option tay kar deta hai.

Sauda hone ke baad ka hissa
Order match ho gaya — ab paisa kaise poora hota hai, margin kyun jama rehta hai, aur beech mein kaun khada hota hai.

Unit 7: clearing, settlement aur risk management.

Sauda hone ke baad ka poora hissa yahan hai. Clearing corporation dono taraf ke beech khada hokar zimmedari uthata hai, roz ka nafa-nuksaan mark to market se khaate mein jaata hai, aur expiry par aakhri hisaab hota hai. Margin ke alag prakar aur position ki seemayein isi soch se bante hain.

• Clearing corporation beech mein aakar zimmedari apne upar leta hai.
• Mark to market roz hota hai. Aakhri hisaab expiry par.
• Margin ek nahi, kai prakar ke hote hain.

SEEMAYEIN

Kya aata hai is set mein

Kya milega

• Saatve unit ke sawaal chunkar dikhata hai, poora syllabus ek saath nahi.
• Har answer ki wajah deta hai, taaki margin ke naam sirf ratne na padein.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook ka substitute nahi hai. Margin ke exact niyam wahin milte hain.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Beech mein khada sansthan, aur uski surakshaayein

Exchange par sauda karte waqt aap yeh nahi jaante ki saamne kaun hai — aur jaanne ki zaroorat bhi nahi. Kyunki sauda hone ke baad clearing corporation beech mein aa jaata hai aur dono taraf ki zimmedari apne upar le leta hai. Poore unit ki jadd yahi ek vichaar hai.

Us zimmedari ko nibhane ke liye usse suraksha chahiye, aur wahi margin hai. Position lete waqt jama hone wala hissa, roz ke utaar-chadhav ka hissa, bade jhatke ke liye rakha gaya hissa, aur 2 alag mahinon ki position par milne wali chhoot — sab alag naam se aate hain, aur exam unhe naam se poochhta hai.

Settlement 2 tarah ka hai. Futures mein roz ka hisaab hota hai aur expiry par aakhri hisaab. Options mein premium ka apna settlement hota hai aur haq istemaal hone ka apna. Iske upar position ki seemayein hoti hain, taaki koi ek paksh bazaar par bhaari na pad jaaye, aur ek suraksha kosh bhi rakha jaata hai.

• Margin Margin kya hai, kyun maanga jaata hai, aur woh kharcha kyun nahi hai.
• Open interest Kitni position abhi khuli hai, aur woh volume se alag kaise hai.

DHYAN

Margin kharcha nahi hai, aur na hi kamai

Sabse aam galti margin ko fees samajh lena hai. Woh aapki apni jama rakam hai, jo zimmedari ke badle rakhi jaati hai, aur position band hone par hisaab mein vaapas aati hai. Kharcha ek alag cheez hai.

Doosri galti roz ke mark to market ko kaagzi maan lena hai. Woh kaagzi nahi hota. Woh usi din khaate mein baithta hai. Yeh farak samajh mein aate hi is unit ke bahut se sawaal aasaan ho jaate hain.

Yeh saare niyam aate kahan se hain
Margin, seemayein aur settlement apne aap nahi bante. Agla unit batata hai ki kaunsa kanoon aur kaunsa regulator inke peeche khada hai.

Unit 8: regulatory framework kis kis ka hai.

Currency derivatives par 2 taraf se nazar rehti hai: ek taraf securities bazaar ka regulator, doosri taraf desh ka central bank. Isliye is unit mein kanoon, dono regulators ke alag alag kaam, member banne ki shartein, kaunsi currency jodiyan chalti hain, aur position ki seemayein aati hain.

• 2 regulators hain, aur dono ke kaam alag alag hain.
• Kanoon batata hai kya ho sakta hai. Regulator batata hai kaise.
• Member banne ki apni shartein aur yogyata hoti hai.

SEEMAYEIN

Is set mein kya hai aur kya nahi

Kya milega

• Aathve unit ke sawaal alag karke deta hai, dhyaan ek jagah rakhne ke liye.
• Har answer ke saath wajah likhta hai, taaki naam ke saath kaam bhi yaad rahe.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook aur regulator ke apne circular ki jagah nahi leta.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

2 regulators, ek bazaar

Currency derivatives ki khaas baat yeh hai ki woh 2 duniyaon ko chhoote hain. Ek taraf woh exchange par chalne wale securities contracts hain, doosri taraf unka sambandh videshi mudra se hai. Isliye securities bazaar ka regulator aur desh ka central bank, dono is bazaar par nazar rakhte hain — aur unke kaam ka bantwara exam ka pasandida sawaal hai.

Kanoon ki taraf se 2 naam sabse zyada aate hain: securities contracts ko chalane wala adhiniyam, aur videshi mudra ke lene-dene ko chalane wala adhiniyam. Pehla batata hai ki exchange par kaunse contract chal sakte hain. Doosra batata hai ki videshi mudra ka lena-dena kis daayre mein ho sakta hai.

Iske baad vyavhaarik shartein aati hain: member banne ki yogyata, kaunsi currency jodiyan is bazaar mein chalti hain, kis paksh ke liye position ki kaunsi seema hai, aur kaunsi jaankari kise deni hoti hai. Yeh sab yaad rakhne wali cheezein hain, lekin unke peeche ek hi soch hai — jokhim chhota rahe toh bharosa bada rahe.

DHYAN

Yeh unit sabse jaldi purana hota hai

Regulatory sawaal samay ke saath badalte hain. Ek shart aaj kuch hai aur aage jaakar kuch aur ho sakti hai, aur purani prep kitaab bina bataye purani rehti hai.

Isliye is unit mein official workbook ke saath regulator ki apni taaza jaankari dekhna sabse zyada zaroori hai. Agar kisi answer aur aaj ke niyam mein farak dikhe, toh aaj ka niyam sahi maaniye.

Kitaabon mein yeh kaise likha jaata hai
Niyam ke baad hisaab-kitaab: margin, roz ka farak aur premium kitaabon mein kaise darj hote hain, aur income par kaunsa niyam lagta hai.

Unit 9: accounting aur taxation ke sawaal.

Yeh unit 2 cheezein poochhta hai. Pehli, kitaabon mein entry kaise banti hai: jama kiya gaya margin, roz ka mark to market ka farak, option ka premium, aur contract band hone par aakhri hisaab. Doosri, is income par kaunsa niyam lagta hai aur record kya rakhna hota hai.

• Margin jama karna kharcha nahi hai, isliye entry alag banti hai.
• Roz ka mark to market ka farak usi din darj hota hai.
• Premium ki apni entry hoti hai, futures se alag.
• Tax ke sawaal date-sensitive hote hain — aaj ka niyam dekhna zaroori hai.

SEEMAYEIN

Is unit ke practice set ka daayra

Kya milega

• Nauve unit ke sawaal chunkar dikhata hai, taaki ek hi vishay par abhyas ho.
• Har answer ki wajah likhta hai, kyunki accounting mein logic hi yaad rehta hai.

Kya nahi milega

• Workbook aur aaj ke tax niyam ki jagah nahi leta.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Entry kis waqt banti hai, aur kis cheez ki

Sabse pehla vichaar yeh hai ki har paisa jaane ka matlab kharcha nahi hota. Margin jama karna apni hi rakam ko ek jagah rakhna hai, isliye woh nuksaan ke roop mein darj nahi hota. Uski entry alag hoti hai, aur wahi sabse zyada poochha jaata hai.

Doosra vichaar samay ka hai. Futures mein roz ka farak usi din kitaabon mein aata hai, expiry ka intezaar nahi karta. Options mein premium ki entry alag hai, aur contract chhodne, band hone ya haq istemaal hone par aakhri hisaab alag banta hai. Har sthiti ki apni entry hai, aur unit unhi ko alag alag rakhna sikhata hai.

Teesra hissa tax ka hai: is tarah ki income kis shreni mein aati hai, kharche kaise ginte hain, aur record kitne samay tak rakhna hota hai. Yahan naam se zyada soch yaad rakhne laayak hai, kyunki soch tikti hai aur numbers badalte rehte hain.

DHYAN

Purana answer chup-chaap galat ho jaata hai

Tax ke niyam badalte rehte hain, aur badalne par purani prep kitaab kuch nahi kehti — woh wahi purana answer dikhati rehti hai. Isi wajah se is unit mein sabse zyada dhyaan tareekh par rakhna chahiye.

Sawaal padhte waqt dekhiye ki woh aaj ka niyam poochh raha hai ya ek udaharan de raha hai. Agar aaj ka niyam poochha ja raha hai, toh answer ko tab tak adhoora maaniye jab tak aaj ke source se mila na liya jaaye.

Aakhri unit: vyavhaar aur investor ki suraksha
Hisaab-kitaab ke baad syllabus ka aakhri hissa aata hai — member se kis vyavhaar ki ummeed hai, aur shikayat ka raasta kya hai.

Unit 10: code of conduct aur investor ki suraksha.

Aakhri unit vyavhaar par hai. Member aur uske staff se kis tarah ke aacharan ki ummeed ki jaati hai, kaunse kaam manaa hain, client ki jaankari kaise li aur rakhi jaati hai, aur galat hone par shikayat kis raaste jaati hai. Iske saath investor ki suraksha ke intezaam aate hain.

• Aacharan sanhita member par bhi lagti hai aur uske staff par bhi.
• Client ki pehchaan aur jaankari lena ek zaroori prakriya hai.
• Shikayat ka ek tay raasta hota hai, aur uske aage arbitration.

SEEMAYEIN

Yeh set kya deta hai, aur kya nahi

Kya milega

• Aakhri unit ke sawaal alag karke deta hai, poora syllabus mila kar nahi.
• Har answer ke saath uska kaaran deta hai, kyunki yahan niyam ke peeche ki soch hi yaad rehti hai.

Kya nahi milega

• Yeh workbook aur regulator ke apne dastavez ki jagah nahi le sakta.

Is unit ke sawaal kholo

IS UNIT MEIN

Aacharan, prakriya aur suraksha

Pehla hissa aacharan sanhita ka hai. Client ke saath kaise pesh aana hai, uski jaankari gopniya kaise rakhni hai, hit ka takraav hone par kya karna hai, aur kaunse kaam saaf taur par manaa hain. Yeh niyam sirf member par nahi, uske liye kaam karne wale logon par bhi lagte hain — aur exam yahi farak poochhta hai.

Doosra hissa prakriya ka hai. Client banane se pehle uski pehchaan aur zaroori jaankari li jaati hai, dastavez rakhe jaate hain, aur usse kya bataya jaana chahiye yeh tay hota hai. Galat hone par shikayat ka ek tay raasta hai, aur us raaste ke aage vivad suljhane ka ek aupchaarik tareeka hai.

Teesra hissa suraksha ka hai: woh intezaam jo investor ke liye rakhe jaate hain jab koi paksh apni zimmedari poori na kar sake. Yahan naam yaad rakhna kaafi nahi hai. Yeh samajhna zaroori hai ki har intezaam kis khatre ke liye bana hai.

GALTI KE BAAD

Yeh unit ratne se nahi nikalta

Is unit ke sawaal aksar sthiti ke roop mein aate hain: kisne kya kiya, aur woh theek tha ya nahi. Sirf list yaad karke aisa sawaal nahi nikalta, kyunki list mein woh sthiti kabhi usi shabd mein nahi likhi hoti.

Isliye galat answer ke baad ek line likhiye: yeh niyam kis nuksaan se bachane ke liye bana hai. Us line ke baad wahi niyam kisi bhi sthiti mein pehchana jaata hai. Yahi Series I ki taiyari ka aakhri kadam hai.

Poori practice ek jagah
Saare units ho gaye. Ab mila-jula set yeh dikhata hai ki alag alag units ke sawaal ek saath aane par kahan atakte hain.